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Ecological Rights Foundation v. Pacific Lumber Co., 230 F.3d 1141 (2000)
51 ERC 1545, 31 Envtl. L. Rep. 20,246, 00 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 8692...

         the Clean Water Act (CWA) is whether an           [13] Federal Civil Procedure
         individual can show that she has been injured in              Causation;  redressability
         her use of a particular area because of concerns
         about violations of environmental laws, not                The issue in the causation inquiry for standing is
         whether the plaintiff can show there has been              whether the alleged injury can be traced to the
         actual environmental harm. Federal Water                   defendant’s challenged conduct, rather than to
         Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, §                that of some other actor not before the court;
         505, 33 U.S.C.A. § 1365.                                   causal connection put forward for standing
                                                                    purposes cannot be too speculative, or rely on
         13 Cases that cite this headnote                           conjecture about the behavior of other parties,
                                                                    but need not be so airtight as to demonstrate that
[11] Environmental Law                                              the plaintiffs would succeed on the merits.
            Private right of action;  citizen suits
                                                                    17 Cases that cite this headnote
         Clean Water Act (CWA) allows citizen suits
         based on violations of any conditions of a        [14] Environmental Law
         National Pollution Discharge Elimination                      Mootness
         System (NPDES) permit, even those which are
         purely procedural. Federal Water Pollution                 Federal Courts
         Control Act Amendments of 1972, §§ 308,                       Environment and health
         505(f)(6), 33 U.S.C.A. §§ 1318, 1365(f)(6).

         1 Cases that cite this headnote                            Even if environmental groups’ claims for
                                                                    injunctive or declaratory relief under Clean
[12] Environmental Law                                              Water Act (CWA), based on logging company’s
            Organizations, associations, and other groups           alleged violations of earlier National Pollution
                                                                    Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit,
         Environmental Law                                          became moot when subsequent permit went into
            Other particular parties                                effect, such mootness would not require
                                                                    dismissal of groups’ action against company,
         Members of environmental organizations                     since groups’ claims for civil penalties and
         demonstrated sufficient causal connection                  attorneys’ fees would remain viable. Federal
         between alleged pollution of creek used by                 Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of
         members for recreational purposes and conduct              1972, § 309(d), 33 U.S.C.A. § 1319(d).
         of logging company to support standing in
         action, under Clean Water Act (CWA), alleging              13 Cases that cite this headnote
         violations of National Pollution Discharge
         Elimination System (NPDES) permit conditions;     [15] Federal Courts
         inference of causation required no attenuated                 Inception and duration of dispute;  recurrence;
         chain of conjecture, and no presumptions that
         other actors would behave in any particular way.            “capable of repetition yet evading review”
         Federal Water Pollution Control Act
         Amendments of 1972, § 505, 33 U.S.C.A. §                   An action becomes moot if the controversy is no
         1365.                                                      longer live because an event occurs that
                                                                    precludes the court from ordering effective
         7 Cases that cite this headnote                            relief.

                                                                         3 Cases that cite this headnote  3
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